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Amazon AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate (DEA-C01) 認定 Data-Engineer-Associate 試験問題 (Q151-Q156):
質問 # 151
A company has a production AWS account that runs company workloads. The company's security team created a security AWS account to store and analyze security logs from the production AWS account. The security logs in the production AWS account are stored in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
The company needs to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
- A. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the production AWS account.
- B. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the production AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the security AWS account.
- C. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the security AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the production AWS account.
- D. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the security AWS account.
正解:A
解説:
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze real-time streaming data. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data from various sources, such as Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and deliver it to different destinations, such as Amazon S3 or Amazon Redshift. To use Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs from the production AWS account to the security AWS account, you need to create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. This data stream will receive the log data from the CloudWatch Logs service in the production AWS account. To enable this cross- account data delivery, you need to create an IAM role and a trust policy in the security AWS account. The IAM role defines the permissions that the CloudWatch Logs service needs to put data into the destination data stream. The trust policy allows the production AWS account to assume the IAM role. Finally, you need to create a subscription filter in the production AWS account. A subscription filter defines the pattern to match log events and the destination to send the matching events. In this case, the destination is the destination data stream in the security AWS account. This solution meets the requirements of using Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account. The other options are either not possible or not optimal.
You cannot create a destination data stream in the production AWS account, as this would not deliver the data to the security AWS account. You cannot create a subscription filter in the security AWS account, as this would not capture the log events from the production AWS account. References:
* Using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with Amazon CloudWatch Logs
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.3: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams
質問 # 152
A company needs to build a data lake in AWS. The company must provide row-level data access and column-level data access to specific teams. The teams will access the data by using Amazon Athena, Amazon Redshift Spectrum, and Apache Hive from Amazon EMR.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Use Amazon S3 for data lake storage. Use Apache Ranger through Amazon EMR to restrict data access by rows and columns. Provide data access by using Apache Pig.
- B. Use Amazon S3 for data lake storage. Use S3 access policies to restrict data access by rows and columns. Provide data access through Amazon S3.
- C. Use Amazon S3 for data lake storage. Use AWS Lake Formation to restrict data access by rows and columns. Provide data access through AWS Lake Formation.
- D. Use Amazon Redshift for data lake storage. Use Redshift security policies to restrict data access by rows and columns. Provide data access by using Apache Spark and Amazon Athena federated queries.
正解:C
解説:
Option D is the best solution to meet the requirements with the least operational overhead because AWS Lake Formation is a fully managed service that simplifies the process of building, securing, and managing data lakes. AWS Lake Formation allows you to define granular data access policies at the row and column level for different users and groups. AWS Lake Formation also integrates with Amazon Athena, Amazon Redshift Spectrum, and Apache Hive on Amazon EMR, enabling these services to access the data in the data lake through AWS Lake Formation.
Option A is not a good solution because S3 access policies cannot restrict data access by rows and columns. S3 access policies are based on the identity and permissions of the requester, the bucket and object ownership, and the object prefix and tags. S3 access policies cannot enforce fine-grained data access control at the row and column level.
Option B is not a good solution because it involves using Apache Ranger and Apache Pig, which are not fully managed services and require additional configuration and maintenance. Apache Ranger is a framework that provides centralized security administration for data stored in Hadoop clusters, such as Amazon EMR. Apache Ranger can enforce row-level and column-level access policies for Apache Hive tables. However, Apache Ranger is not a native AWS service and requires manual installation and configuration on Amazon EMR clusters. Apache Pig is a platform that allows you to analyze large data sets using a high-level scripting language called Pig Latin. Apache Pig can access data stored in Amazon S3 and process it using Apache Hive. However, Apache Pig is not a native AWS service and requires manual installation and configuration on Amazon EMR clusters.
Option C is not a good solution because Amazon Redshift is not a suitable service for data lake storage. Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service that allows you to run complex analytical queries using standard SQL. Amazon Redshift can enforce row-level and column-level access policies for different users and groups. However, Amazon Redshift is not designed to store and process large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data, which are typical characteristics of data lakes. Amazon Redshift is also more expensive and less scalable than Amazon S3 for data lake storage.
Reference:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
What Is AWS Lake Formation? - AWS Lake Formation
Using AWS Lake Formation with Amazon Athena - AWS Lake Formation
Using AWS Lake Formation with Amazon Redshift Spectrum - AWS Lake Formation Using AWS Lake Formation with Apache Hive on Amazon EMR - AWS Lake Formation Using Bucket Policies and User Policies - Amazon Simple Storage Service Apache Ranger Apache Pig What Is Amazon Redshift? - Amazon Redshift
質問 # 153
A company has a data lake in Amazon S3. The company collects AWS CloudTrail logs for multiple applications. The company stores the logs in the data lake, catalogs the logs in AWS Glue, and partitions the logs based on the year. The company uses Amazon Athena to analyze the logs.
Recently, customers reported that a query on one of the Athena tables did not return any dat a. A data engineer must resolve the issue.
Which combination of troubleshooting steps should the data engineer take? (Select TWO.)
- A. Restart Athena.
- B. Increase the query timeout duration.
- C. Confirm that Athena is pointing to the correct Amazon S3 location.
- D. Delete and recreate the problematic Athena table.
- E. Use the MSCK REPAIR TABLE command.
正解:C、E
解説:
The problem likely arises from Athena not being able to read from the correct S3 location or missing partitions. The two most relevant troubleshooting steps involve checking the S3 location and repairing the table metadata.
A . Confirm that Athena is pointing to the correct Amazon S3 location:
One of the most common issues with missing data in Athena queries is that the query is pointed to an incorrect or outdated S3 location. Checking the S3 path ensures Athena is querying the correct data.
Reference:
C . Use the MSCK REPAIR TABLE command:
When new partitions are added to the S3 bucket without being reflected in the Glue Data Catalog, Athena queries will not return data from those partitions. The MSCK REPAIR TABLE command updates the Glue Data Catalog with the latest partitions.
Alternatives Considered:
B (Increase query timeout): Timeout issues are unrelated to missing data.
D (Restart Athena): Athena does not require restarting.
E (Delete and recreate table): This introduces unnecessary overhead when the issue can be resolved by repairing the table and confirming the S3 location.
Athena Query Fails to Return Data
質問 # 154
A company stores datasets in JSON format and .csv format in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company has Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server databases, Amazon DynamoDB tables that are in provisionedcapacity mode, and an Amazon Redshift cluster. A data engineering team must develop a solution that will give data scientists the ability to query all data sources by using syntax similar to SQL.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
- A. Use AWS Lake Formation to create a data lake. Use Lake Formation jobs to transform the data from all data sources to Apache Parquet format. Store the transformed data in an S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena or Redshift Spectrum to query the data.
- B. Use AWS Glue to crawl the data sources. Store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. Use Amazon Athena to query the data. Use SQL for structured data sources. Use PartiQL for data that is stored in JSON format.
- C. Use AWS Glue to crawl the data sources. Store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. Use Redshift Spectrum to query the data. Use SQL for structured data sources. Use PartiQL for data that is stored in JSON format.
- D. Use AWS Glue to crawl the data sources. Store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. Use AWS Glue jobs to transform data that is in JSON format to Apache Parquet or .csv format. Store the transformed data in an S3 bucket. Use Amazon Athena to query the original and transformed data from the S3 bucket.
正解:B
解説:
The best solution to meet the requirements of giving data scientists the ability to query all data sources by using syntax similar to SQL with the least operational overhead is to use AWS Glue to crawl the data sources, store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, use Amazon Athena to query the data, use SQL for structured data sources, and use PartiQL for data that is stored in JSON format.
AWS Glue is a serverless data integration service that makes it easy to prepare, clean, enrich, and move data between data stores1. AWS Glue crawlers are processes that connect to a data store, progress through a prioritized list of classifiers to determine the schema for your data, and then create metadata tables in the Data Catalog2. The Data Catalog is a persistent metadata store that contains table definitions, job definitions, and other control information to help you manage your AWS Glue components3. You can use AWS Glue to crawl the data sources, such as Amazon S3, Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server, and Amazon DynamoDB, and store the metadata in the Data Catalog.
Amazon Athena is a serverless, interactive query service that makes it easy to analyze data directly in Amazon S3 using standard SQL or Python4. Amazon Athena also supports PartiQL, a SQL-compatible query language that lets you query, insert, update, and delete data from semi-structured and nested data, such as JSON. You can use Amazon Athena to query the data from the Data Catalog using SQL for structured data sources, such as .csv files and relational databases, and PartiQL for data that is stored in JSON format. You can also use Athena to query data from other data sources, such as Amazon Redshift, using federated queries.
Using AWS Glue and Amazon Athena to query all data sources by using syntax similar to SQL is the least operational overhead solution, as you do not need to provision, manage, or scale any infrastructure, and you pay only for the resources you use. AWS Glue charges you based on the compute time and the data processed by your crawlers and ETL jobs1. Amazon Athena charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries. You can also reduce the cost and improve the performance of your queries by using compression, partitioning, and columnar formats for your data in Amazon S3.
Option B is not the best solution, as using AWS Glue to crawl the data sources, store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, and use Redshift Spectrum to query the data, would incur more costs and complexity than using Amazon Athena. Redshift Spectrum is a feature of Amazon Redshift, a fully managed data warehouse service, that allows you to query and join data across your data warehouse and your data lake using standard SQL. While Redshift Spectrum is powerful and useful for many data warehousing scenarios, it is not necessary or cost-effective for querying all data sources by using syntax similar to SQL. Redshift Spectrum charges you based on the amount of data scanned by your queries, which is similar to Amazon Athena, but it also requires you to have an Amazon Redshift cluster, which charges you based on the node type, the number of nodes, and the duration of the cluster5. These costs can add up quickly, especially if you have large volumes of data and complex queries. Moreover, using Redshift Spectrum would introduce additional latency and complexity, as you would have to provision and manage the cluster, and create an external schema and database for the data in the Data Catalog, instead of querying it directly from Amazon Athena.
Option C is not the best solution, as using AWS Glue to crawl the data sources, store metadata in the AWS Glue Data Catalog, use AWS Glue jobs to transform data that is in JSON format to Apache Parquet or .csv format, store the transformed data in an S3 bucket, and use Amazon Athena to query the original and transformed data from the S3 bucket, would incur more costs and complexity than using Amazon Athena with PartiQL. AWS Glue jobs are ETL scripts that you can write in Python or Scala to transform your data and load it to your target data store. Apache Parquet is a columnar storage format that can improve the performance of analytical queries by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and providing efficient compression and encoding schemes6. While using AWS Glue jobs and Parquet can improve the performance and reduce the cost of your queries, they would also increase the complexity and the operational overhead of the data pipeline, as you would have to write, run, and monitor the ETL jobs, and store the transformed data in a separate location in Amazon S3. Moreover, using AWS Glue jobs and Parquet would introduce additional latency, as you would have to wait for the ETL jobs to finish before querying the transformed data.
Option D is not the best solution, as using AWS Lake Formation to create a data lake, use Lake Formation jobs to transform the data from all data sources to Apache Parquet format, store the transformed data in an S3 bucket, and use Amazon Athena or RedshiftSpectrum to query the data, would incur more costs and complexity than using Amazon Athena with PartiQL. AWS Lake Formation is a service that helps you centrally govern, secure, and globally share data for analytics and machine learning7. Lake Formation jobs are ETL jobs that you can create and run using the Lake Formation console or API. While using Lake Formation and Parquet can improve the performance and reduce the cost of your queries, they would also increase the complexity and the operational overhead of the data pipeline, as you would have to create, run, and monitor the Lake Formation jobs, and store the transformed data in a separate location in Amazon S3. Moreover, using Lake Formation and Parquet would introduce additional latency, as you would have to wait for the Lake Formation jobs to finish before querying the transformed data. Furthermore, using Redshift Spectrum to query the data would also incur the same costs and complexity as mentioned in option B. References:
What is Amazon Athena?
Data Catalog and crawlers in AWS Glue
AWS Glue Data Catalog
Columnar Storage Formats
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
AWS Glue Schema Registry
What is AWS Glue?
Amazon Redshift Serverless
Amazon Redshift provisioned clusters
[Querying external data using Amazon Redshift Spectrum]
[Using stored procedures in Amazon Redshift]
[What is AWS Lambda?]
[PartiQL for Amazon Athena]
[Federated queries in Amazon Athena]
[Amazon Athena pricing]
[Top 10 performance tuning tips for Amazon Athena]
[AWS Glue ETL jobs]
[AWS Lake Formation jobs]
質問 # 155
A data engineer has two datasets that contain sales information for multiple cities and states. One dataset is named reference, and the other dataset is named primary.
The data engineer needs a solution to determine whether a specific set of values in the city and state columns of the primary dataset exactly match the same specific values in the reference dataset. The data engineer wants to useData Quality Definition Language (DQDL)rules in an AWS Glue Data Quality job.
Which rule will meet these requirements?
- A. ReferentialIntegrity "city,state" "reference.{ref_city,ref_state}" = 100
- B. DatasetMatch "reference" "city->ref_city, state->ref_state" = 1.0
- C. ReferentialIntegrity "city,state" "reference.{ref_city,ref_state}" = 1.0
- D. DatasetMatch "reference" "city->ref_city, state->ref_state" = 100
正解:B
解説:
TheDatasetMatchrule in DQDL checks for full value equivalence between mapped fields. A value of1.0 indicates a100% match. The correct syntax and metric for an exact match scenario are:
"Use DatasetMatch when comparing mapped fields between two datasets. The comparison score of 1.0 confirms a perfect match."
-Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate Certification - version 2 - apple.pdf Options with "100" use incorrect syntax since DQDL usesfloating-point scores(e.g., 1.0, 0.95), not percentages.
質問 # 156
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